Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a problem frequently encountered in patients with cancer that significantly impacts their well-being and outcomes. In addition to the usual prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal etiologies of AKI, patients with cancer experience unique causes of AKI. Nephrologists caring for this population must be able to identify and manage these conditions, which often require distinguishing between causes resulting from the cancer itself and those related to chemotherapeutic or other concurrent treatment, to institute appropriate preventive or therapeutic strategies. In this review, we present a suggested systematic approach to the diagnosis of AKI in patients with cancer and discuss common clinical scenarios specific to this patient population, with a special emphasis on tumor infiltration of the kidney parenchyma, myeloma-related AKI, tumor lysis syndrome, thrombotic microangiopathy, AKI in the patient with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and renal disease in patients with renal cell carcinoma. We cover the latest evidence-based strategies for management of these disorders in this evolving field. In addition, we provide an updated table of potentially nephr
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