Secondary Forms of Diabetes Mellitus

Secondary forms of diabetes mellitus are those cases of diabetes mellitus that have a specific identifiable cause and do not meet the diagnostic criteria for type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes. This review discusses the etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of these forms, which include diabetes mellitus occurring as a result of pancreatic disorders; endocrinopathies; drugs, chemical agents, or toxins; and genetic mutations or syndromes. Tables list the endocrinopathies; the drug, chemicals, and toxins; and the genetic disorders causing secondary forms of diabetes mellitus. This review contains 3 tables and 15 references. KeyWords: chronic pancreatitis, pancreatic carcinoma, cystic fibrosis, hemochromatosis, malnutrition, diabetic ketoacidosis or symptomatic hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia