The precise regulation of body calcium stores and of the calcium concentration in both extracellular and intracellular compartments is critically important. Calcium is the chief mineral component of the skeleton; calcium serves major roles in neurologic transmission, muscle contraction, and blood coagulation; and calcium is a ubiquitous intracellular signal. This review contains 5 figures, 9 tables, and 114 references. Key Words: hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, macrovascular, microvascular, neuropathic
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