Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a supraventricular tachyarrhythmia characterized by chaotic atrial electrical activity. It is associated with heart failure, stroke, and reduced quality of life. AF is frequently recurrent and refractory to treatment. These facts underscore the importance of recognizing this arrhythmia even in its asymptomatic form. This review covers the pathophysiology, stabilization and assessment, diagnosis and treatment, and disposition and outcomes of AF. Figures show AF, atrial flutter, and AF with preexcitation on a 12-lead electrocardiogram, rate control agent selection recommendations, and a decision-making algorithm for oral anticoagulation therapy. Tables list etiologies and risk factors for AF, American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology/Heart Rhythm Society classification of AF, some of the clinical consequences of AF, diagnostic evaluation for AF, antiarrhythmic drugs for conversion of AF, drugs used for acute rate control of AF, CHA2DS2-VASc score calculation, CHA2DS2-VASc adjusted stroke rate and treatment guidelines, scoring system to assess the risk of bleeding with oral anticoagulation: HAS-BLED (hypertension, abnormal renal/liver func
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