Logistic caravan: A smart transportation system for green logistics and sustainable practices

This study introduces the logistic caravan, a delivery solution based on an advanced method called "Intelligent Penguin Optimizer tuned Logistic Regression (IPO-LR)." This system aims to improve delivery services in rural areas by offering timely, affordable, and environmentally friendly solutions. It uses advanced technologies such as predictive analytics and geospatial mapping to optimize routes, forecast demand, and plan schedules. Key features include joint ordering, real-time tracking, and scheduled deliveries, all designed to improve operational efficiency and customer satisfaction. The system also promotes green practices, such as using optimized routes, electric or hybrid vehicles, and recyclable packaging to reduce environmental impact. With strong data privacy and security measures, the system builds customer trust and supports wide adoption. By addressing current gaps in delivery services, the logistic caravan offers a complete solution that combines lower costs, better efficiency, and sustainability. It supports Saudi Arabia’s Vision 2030 by enhancing logistics in underserved areas. The IPO-LR model shows strong performance, with low error rates (MAE = 0.69, RMSE = 0.81