This study investigates the fluid-structure interaction dynamics induced by underwater explosive, focusing on the impact of localized damage effects of explosive on the transient interaction between plate structures. To accurately characterize this localized effect, numerical experiments were conducted on the damage to a steel plate subjected to underwater explosive shock under various charge and explosion distance conditions. Results indicate that the diameter of plate perforations caused by contact explosions is smaller than that under conditions with a certain explosion distance. By establishing the relationship between relative explosion distance and plate perforation diameter, the optimal range for the localized damage effect of explosive is determined to be a relative explosion distance of 1.1–2. Furthermore, the relationship between the impact factor and the structural dimensionless factor, established based on the plate damage results, conforms to a quadratic function dependency. This relationship characterizes the role of the local effect of the munition in the inherent local damage mechanism of the target structure. These research findings provide empirical guidance for e
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