This article examines the methodological foundations of the concept of "artificiality" in the subject areas of Artificial Life and Artificial Intelligence. It analyzes the concepts of rationality and vitality from the perspective of correlating living and non-living systems, socio-technical systems, and in the context of correlating nano-biological and info-cognitive modes of existence ("living systems" and "cognitive systems"). An expansive interpretation of rationality is demonstrated, encompassing a socio-humanitarian understanding of socio-technical systems. The dissipative nature of rationality in socio-technical frameworks such as Industry 4.0, the Internet of Things (IoT), ambient intelligence and smart environments (AmI and SmE) is revealed. The consequences of dissipative rationality for the cognitive landscape are explored – the divergence of cognitive practices, and the new status of information as an intermediate domain of meanings in complex cognitive systems – both living and technical. The relationship between "artificiality" and "naturalness" in phenomena is shown to be increas
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