Modern trends in the study of aphasia

In the history of the doctrine of aphasia, there are already several eras. The most accurate moment in the history of this doctrine was in 1861, when Broca made a report at the Paris Medical Academy, in which, on the basis of two autopsies, he argued that the integrity of the third and partly the second left frontal gyri is necessary for the correct formation of speech.
 A few years later, the fact was noted that a violation of the integrity of the Broca gyrus inevitably entails aphasia, but that aphasia is far from always associated with a lesion of the Broca gyrus. Already Meynert (1866) and Sander (1869) proved that the symptom complex of aphasia and its anatomical basis are much more complex than Broca suggested.