Bioengineering of horticultural crops in Russia and in the world

Modern bioengineering technologies make it possible to create fruit and berry crops with signs that are unattainable by traditional breeding methods, while significantly reducing the time of breeding work. A review of more than 90 scientific publications in the period from 1989 to 2020 with research work on the creation of transgenic fruit and berry crops using various bioengineering technologies, which showed a wide variety of methods for modifying and identifying the resulting plants. For example, the modification of the genome of an apple tree using genes that accelerate flowering, the so-called “Fast breeding” technology, allows you to speed up breeding work to create valuable varieties. The developed new varieties of transgenic apple trees are resistant to the fungi, bacteria, apple moth, and also reduced ability to browning fruits, with an increased content of sucrose, etc. Modern methods of genetic engineering make it possible to significantly accelerate the processes of creating highly productive varieties of fruit crops with increased or complete resistance to viruses. Transgenic papaya, expressing the gene for the envelope protein of the virus, made it possible to save