Genetic enhancement of Datura metel for optimized silver nanoparticle synthesis

The burgeoning field of nanotechnology has witnessed a surge in the utilization of biological entities, especially plant extracts, for the green synthesis of nanoparticles. In this innovative study, we have ventured into the realm of genetic engineering to optimize the synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) usingDaturametel, a plant traditionally known for its rich phytoconstituents [1, 2]. Our initial experiments with non-modifiedDatura metelfruit extracts as reducing agents yielded AgNPs with an average size of 40–50 nm, confirmed spectrophotometrically with a peak at 460 nm. Recognizing the potential to enhance this process, we genetically modifiedDatura metelplants to amplify their phytoconstituent content by approximately 30%. This was achieved by overexpressing genes associated with the production of specific phytochemicals, such as polyphenols and amides. Subsequent synthesis processes using the GMDatura metelextracts resulted in a 25% increase in nanoparticle yield. Furthermore, the average size of the nanoparticles synthesized from GM extracts ranged between 20–30 nm, indicating a more uniform and refined synthesis process. Advanced analytical techniques, including X-