Manufacture of ceramic structures in orthopedic dentistry

This article presents a review of ceramic materials used in modern orthopedic dentistry. Currently, the main types of orthopedic structures containing dental porcelain are metal–ceramic and metal-free ceramic crowns and prostheses made using pressed ceramic technology, in particular veneers. All types dental porcelain prostheses have a common manufacturing technology, which involves the sequential application of ceramic layers with their subsequent firing. Moreover, each group of teeth has additional masses for firing, such as masses of the cutting edge and masses simulating various effects (e.g., blue, yellow, and other shades, imitation of tooth growth lines). These masses are created to give future crowns the most natural and aesthetic appearance. All structural components (layers) of ceramics used in the manufacture of ceramic prostheses have a similar chemical composition. The raw material is feldspar glass with crystalline quartz. Depending on the conditions of the reactions, the composition of mixtures can vary, and compounds with desired properties can be obtained using the phase analysis method, which will expand the range of domestic ceramic materials produced, which are