Geographic Information Systems (GIS) play a pivotal role in earthquake risk assessment, providing a comprehensive framework for understanding, analyzing, and mitigating the impact of earthquakes. This article explores the integration of GIS conceptual design with Entity-Relationship (ER) diagram development, enhancing the spatial database design for earthquake risk assessment. The complexity of earthquake events introduces challenges in designing a conceptual model that accounts for their dynamic nature, including aftershocks and evolving seismic patterns, demanding a framework capable of capturing these layered interactions. Achieving high spatial resolution to address localized risks while managing large datasets adds another layer of complexity, necessitating careful design considerations. The goal of this research is to develop a GIS-based conceptual design for earthquake risk assessment. This involves identifying essential spatial and attribute data; conducting a systematic review and user requirement analysis; and developing an ER diagram to represent the conceptual structure. The resulting model organizes data into three core modules: the hazard layer, cadastral layer, and p
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