Particleboard from biomass wastes: A review of production techniques, properties, and future trends

The availability of various biomass wastes and the stringent rules against deforestation have led to the increased utilization of waste biomass in particleboard development. These biomass wastes become environmental pollutants when not properly managed. Hence, their utilization in developing particleboards helps attain a sustainable environment, one of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. This study reviews some of the production techniques of particleboards from biomass wastes such as rice husk, sawdust, corn cob, sugarcane bagasse, oat hulls, coconut fibers, Areca nuts, rye straw, tomato stalk, hazelnuts, and castor husk. The properties (physical, mechanical, chemical, and thermal) and microstructures of the developed particleboards using a scanning electron microscope were critically reviewed. The density values were used to classify the particleboards into low-density, medium-density, and high-density particleboards. The particleboard's durability, storability, and dimensional stability are determined using the water absorption and thickness swelling values. The modulus of elasticity and modulus of rupture help to determine the quality and applicability of the part