Mapping change in cycling infrastructure across Canada: What, where, and for whom?

Abstract Intervention Governments are investing in safer cycling infrastructure to provide transportation options that support health, mobility, and environmental outcomes; these can be considered population health interventions. Research question We aimed to measure change from 2022 to 2024 in cycling infrastructure in Canada to understand what and where changes happened, and who was impacted. Methods We extracted data from OpenStreetMap.org (OSM) in 2022 and 2024 and coded them according to the Canadian Bikeway Comfort and Safety (Can-BICS) classification system (high, medium, or low comfort and safety). We measured differences (2022–2024) in length and type of cycling infrastructure within census subdivisions. We related differences in cycling infrastructure metrics with population composition within dissemination areas, nationally, by city size, and for particular cities, examining specific population groups (children, older adults, recent immigrants, racialized peop