The rapid development of nanotechnology and obtaining high results in the use of metal nanoparticles with variable valence, including cerium oxide nanoparticles (CONPs), makes it necessary to analyze the possibilities of its application for medical purposes. Objective. To review the world literature and study the achievements in the issue of new biological effects of CONPs, which may be useful in the professional work of general and plastic surgeons. Material and methods. We searched the Scopus and PubMed/Medline databases to July 2023. Inclusion criteria were publications that investigated the role of cerium oxide nanoparticles. According to the Scopus database, there were 15.762 such works, in PubMed — 2.870 (since 1997). Additional filters were chosen for biological activity: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial action, wound healing, regeneration, surgery, plastic surgery. Results. It has been shown that the efficiency of CONPs depends on the size and shape of nanoparticles, concentration, chemical composition of the particle surface, surface coating, pH of the medium, and others. The possibilities of creating multicomponent implants with CONPs and cell cultures, inclu
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