The Suzhou Taihu New City major underground space development was one of the largest and most complex foundation projects in China. It had a footprint area of 93 000 m2 with a depth of 18 m into soft ground. The complexity was increased further by its proximity to existing sensitive assets, which include a metro station and flood defence structure. These challenges were overcome by using multiple innovative excavation and support techniques, including mini-pits, reserved soil berms, compartmentalised excavations, composite slope stabilisation, the observational method and a ‘time–space effect’.
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