The US global positioning system (GPS) has transformed many aspects of modern society, from navigation, mapping and monitoring to synchronisation of communications networks. It is already widely used in civil engineering and, with the imminent introduction of other global navigation satellite systems (GNSS), is set to flourish further – especially when combined with other measurement or sensor technology. This paper provides some background to the basic technology, coordinate issues and civil engineering applications of GPS. It then looks to the future of GNSS and its likely impact on civil engineering.
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