ABSTRACT: This paper introduces a cascade algorithm-based approach to enhance the effectiveness and synchronization of Inverse Definite Minimum Time (IDMT) Overcurrent Relays (OCRs) for efficient fault detection and isolation in Nigeria's power distribution networks. The frequent outages and system failures in the Nigerian grid demonstrate the need to develop robust, flexible, and reliable protective mechanisms. Despite the widespread use of traditional OCR systems for their simplicity and cost-effectiveness, they often encounter difficulties in managing complex and dynamic error scenarios. This research uses a cascade algorithm that changes how quickly relays operate and how they work together based on the size and location of faults to overcome these limitations. The methodology includes data collection from real distribution substations, algorithm creation, and system modelling using MATLAB/Simulink R2022b. The proposed method was tested on the Ayede 33/11 kV network, showing that relays responded faster, cleared faults more quickly, and worked better together than older protection systems. Simulation results confirmed accurate fault isolation across many fault categories, inclu
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