The ability of microorganisms to survive in unfavorable conditions and maintain their biodegradation activity is mainly associated with changes in the composition of their cellular lipids. One of the factors of negative impact on cells can be their interaction with petroleum hydrocarbons, especially monoaromatic compounds, which are toxic to microorganisms even in small amounts. Aim. To research the changes in the cell fatty acids composition of Rhodococcus aetherivorans UCM Ac-602 strain during phenol degradation. Methods. The cultivation of the strain was carried out in a liquid mineral medium with initial phenol concentration 0.75, 1.0 and 1.5 g/L as a sole carbon and energy source. Cells grown in medium with n-hexadecane (7.5 g/L) and glucose (5.0 g/L) were used as controls. Fatty acid methyl esters were obtained by hydrolysis of cells in a 5% solution of acetyl chloride in methanol, followed by extraction with a mixture of ether-hexane. Identification of methyl esters was performed using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry system Agilent 6800N/5973 inert (Agilent Technologies, US). The fatty acid content was determined using AgilentChemStation software. Results. Among the c
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