Serum muramidase activity (SMA) was measured in 160 patients with leukemia and various myeloproliferative disorders (MPD). SMA was low in acute lymphocytic leukemia, variable in acute undifferentiated leukemia, normal or increased in acute myelogenous leukemia, while greatly increased in acute monocytic leukemia and acute myelomonocytic leukemia. Most patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia and various MPD had elevated SMA. Unexpected findings were low or normal SMA in 5 of 9 patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia, and normal SMA in patients with refractory anemia associated with hyperplastic marrows.
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