In general, lymphadenectomy is indicated as a surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma. It is also proven that lymphadenectomy is necessary for precise tumor staging. Adjuvant and additive therapy are indicated if based on precise staging. Patients with pT<sub>1-2</sub> tumors or limited mediastinal and perigastric nodal metastases derived the greatest benefit from lymphadenectomy. In patients with advanced nodal metastases, remarkable reduction of local recurrence can be achieved by adequate lymphadenectomy. The most important prerequisite, however, is an RO-resection (no microscopic and macroscopic residual tumor).
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