Early prediction of acute kidney injury in neonates with cardiac surgery

Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurs in 42%–64% of the neonatal patients experiencing cardiac surgery, contributing to postoperative morbidity and mortality. Current diagnostic criteria, which are mainly based on serum creatinine and hourly urine output, are not sufficiently sensitive and precise to diagnose neonatal AKI promptly. The purpose of this review is to screen the recent literature, to summarize the novel and cost-effective biomarkers and approaches for neonatal AKI after cardiac surgery (CS-AKI), and to provide a possible research direction for future work. Data sources We searched PubMed for articles published before November 2019 with pertinent terms. Sixty-seven articles were found and screened. After excluding 48 records, 19 articles were enrolled for final analysis. Results Nineteen articles were enrolled, and 18 possible urinary biomarkers were identified and evaluated for their ability to diagnose CS-AKI. Urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL),