Transorbital postcaruncular endoscopic surgery as an alternative to orbital exploratory surgery: A cadaveric study and case report in a dog with an orbital sarcoma

AbstractObjectiveTo describe a postcaruncular approach for transorbital endoscopy as an alternative, minimally invasive technique to access the orbital apex.Study designEx vivo and prospective clinical case report.AnimalsA 12‐year‐old male castrated cocker spaniel and three cadaver heads (one large breed dolichocephalic, one medium‐sized breed mesocephalic, and one small breed brachycephalic).MethodsTransorbital endoscopy was performed to obtain biopsies of an orbital apex mass by using a postcaruncular approach. A 2.7‐mm 30° rigid endoscope fitted with a cystoscope working sheath was used with the aid of a blunt suction‐dissector and fluid ingress. This procedure was first performed on three cadavers to assess feasibility and later performed in a clinical case.ResultsBy using a transorbital postcaruncular approach, it was possible to visualize and obtain biopsies from structures within the orbital apex with minimal perioperative morbidity. Dissection and expansion of the working space was facilitated with the aid of fluid ingress; however, judicious use of fluids is recommended because secondary orbital edema and chemosis can occur.ConclusionTransorbital endoscopy via a postcarunc