New Guinea was governed by Australia under Mandate from the League of Nations. Information was obtained through review of personnel files in the National Archives, interviews with former residents or family members and from biographies. It was a time when surgery in the separate territories of Papua and New Guinea was conducted by general doctors who were selected often on availability, stability and knowledge of tropical medicine. The two territories had different pay scales and different staffing arrangements. A mix of missionaries, mercenaries and madmen were recruited. These were wild days, plantations and gold rushes, when mavericks such as Errol Flynn were on the loose. It was often alleged surgical incompetence that determined whether someone was regarded as suitable or not. Doris Booth, a nurse and the first white woman prospector, set up a hospital on the Goldfields in 1926. Some MO’s did only a few months filling positions of “desperate need” whilst others, such as ET Brennan, Backhouse, Dickson and Sinclair made significant contributions. By 1927 Raphael Cilento (1924–29) was Director of Public Health with 9 Medical Officers stationed in Rabaul (2), Kavieng, Madang, Manu
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