Abstract Deceptive orchid species that offer no floral rewards to pollinators often experience pollinator limitation. Serapias vomeracea is considered a particular example of terrestrial orchids using deceptive strategies because its sepals, petals and the lateral lobes of the hypochile form a small tube imitating a little hole that the insects use to rest. The pollination biology and breeding system were investigated in two populations of S. vomeracea in order to examine the extent of pollinator limitation. Visiting insects were immobile in the Serapias flowers during the early morning and late evening. The main pollinators were Oedemeridae and Lymexylidae (Coleoptera), but Hymenoptera ( Ceratina , Eucera , Osmia ) were also observed. Fruit set did not vary in response to floral display size, suggesting that variations in flower number per inflorescence and plant height were not responsible for attracting p
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