Contrast Agents — State of the Art

ABSTRACTThe osrnolality and chemotoxicity aspects of contrast agents are reviewed. The next stop in contrast agent development, non‐ionic dimers, is indicated. A mechanism for chemotoxicity is suggested involving the iodine atoms.The mechanisms possibly involved in major adverse reactions are outlined and it is suggested that new contrast agents should be safer. The cost implications are discussed. Nephrotoxicity is briefly examined and it is shown that dehydration for intravenous urography. which is a risk factor for renal injury, is ineffective and unnecessary. Finally, a rarely discussed form of toxicity. namely contrast enhanced tissue radiation injury, is discussed.