Conflict and costs when reforming nursing: the introduction of Nightingale nursing in Australia and Canada

Aims and objectives. To examine the financial impact of Nightingale nursing in the mid‐19th century; to identify any long‐term implications of this financial impact on nursing.Background. Previous research into the transformation of mid‐19th century hospitals has suggested the importance of economic issues. We explore this issue from the perspective of the introduction of trained, Nightingale‐style nursing.Design. Historical methodology.Methods. We use two examples, in Sydney (Australia) and Montreal (Canada), where there was a distinct break between older‐style nursing and implementing of Nightingale nursing. We searched all relevant primary sources for data relating to on‐going salary costs and staffing numbers.Findings. We found runs of data to demonstrate the huge increase in staff numbers and salary expenses around the time of the introduction of Nightingale nursing at Sydney and Montreal General Hospitals. The one instance of declining costs was at Sydney Hospital during 1873–84. There, the salary expenditure on the bedside nurses fell as nursing probationers (students) undertook the bulk of the nursing.Discussion and conclusions. The data available for Sydney and Montreal Ho