Abstract This paper discusses the engagement of modern Western medicine in the development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) during the 1950s, specifically in its efforts on and research in modernizing TCM. Through complementing the studies of the 1950s with data and cases that have not been well studied in the previous publications, the author argues that modern Western medicine played an active and instrumental role in modernizing and scientizing TCM in the 1950s. TCM obtained attention not as merely a national treasure but underwent fast development of modernization in the 1950s. In modernizing TCM, Western medicine was not a bystander but served as an active partner. The professionals of Western medicine made good use of their strength in scientific studies in the development of TCM. Though scientization is part of modernization, the paper points out the scientific research by providing cases in the TCM research boom and discusses the significance. The scientific research not only linked TCM with modern scientific concepts and research methodology, but also expanded the research scope of the Western medicine, leading to breakthroughs in TCM medicine
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