Abstract In response to the demand for constructing artificial intelligence (AI)-driven laboratories in the Artificial Intelligence for Science field and based on the practical requirements of iron-based Fischer–Tropsch synthesis catalyst research and development at the National Institute of Clean-and-Low-Carbon Energy, this paper proposes the fundamental concepts, main characteristics, and overall framework of an AI-driven laboratory. By reviewing the pilot construction and comprehensive practice of such a laboratory, the paper summarizes the practical engineering achievements, which include the introduction of engineering sub-modules such as the Intelligent Chemist, Intelligent Assistant, and Intelligent Algorithm. It is posited that the AI-driven laboratory represents a deep integration of information technology, automation technology, and AI technology, and will play a significant role in the Artificial Intelligence for Science field.
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