Abstract Advanced X-ray imaging techniques have increased the importance of patient dosimetry, requiring better dose assessment methods and improved dose management strategies to optimize imaging protocols, resulting in diagnostic information obtained with the lowest possible dose to the patient. This review explores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in CT dosimetry. Using machine learning models, trained with extensive data from personalized Monte Carlo dosimetry, AI significantly enhances the dosimetry process by providing accurate, rapid dose assessments. It automates organ segmentation from CT images, a critical and traditionally time-consuming step, enabling precise estimation of organ doses. AI’s ability to predict dose distributions with high accuracy facilitates the seamless integration of personalized dosimetry into clinical workflows, promising improved patient safety and optimized radiation dose management. Additionally, AI-driven approaches offer substantial advancements over conventional methodologies, which often face challenges such as prolonged computation times and labour-intensive manual processes. Despite these advancements, challenges
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