Summary Aims To characterize the prevalence of diabetes and associated risk attributes in the Jamaican population. Methods A random population sample was recruited by door‐to‐door canvassing (n = 1303). A final participation of 60% was achieved. Oral glucose tolerance testing was conducted after an overnight fast and standard anthropometric and demographic data were collected. Results The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus was 9.8% (95% confidence interval (CI) 7.2–12.4) among men and 15.7% (95% CI 13.1–18.3) among women with an overall prevalence of 13.4% (95% CI 11.5–15.2). Impaired glucose tolerance was found among 12.3% of men and 14.7% of women. The sex patterns were consistent with a fourfold excess of obesity in women compared to men. The odds ratios for diabetes, fourth vs. first quartiles were 5.42 (95% CI 2.02–16.88) in men and 3.32 (95% CI 1.73–6.63) in women for body mass index (BMI) and 17.39 (95% CI 3.86–78.27) in men and 5.48 (95% CI 2.84–11.00) in women for WHR in a logistic model controlling for age. The population attributes risk percentage, for diabetes, of being overweight and having waist‐to‐hip ratio (WHR) greater than the median (0.80) were 66% and 80%, r
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