The Mediator complex is essential for basal and regulated expression of nearly all RNA polymerase II‐dependent genes in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae genome. Mediator acts as a bridge, conveying regulatory information from enhancers and other control elements to the promoter. It is now clear that Mediator‐like complexes also exist in higher eukaryotic cells and that they have an important role in metazoan transcriptional regulation. However, the exact mechanism of Mediator‐dependent transcriptional regulation remains unclear. We review here some recent advances in our understanding of Mediator structure and function. We also discuss a model to account for the functional and evolutionary relationship between yeast and metazoan Mediators. As an appendix to this review, we have created a database, MEDB, in which we have compiled information about all the S. cerevisiae Mediator subunits and their homologues in other eukaryotic cells (http://bio.lundberg.gu.se/medb/).
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