Case-based learning in paediatric cardiology training

Abstract Background: Case-based learning (CBL) is increasingly used across health professions education to promote clinical reasoning and professional competencies. In paediatric cardiology, rapid advances in diagnostics, interventions, and multidisciplinary care have intensified the need for educational approaches that integrate complex knowledge with real-world problem-solving. Methods: This narrative review outlines the theoretical foundations of CBL and examines the available literature on its implementation and effectiveness in medical education generally and paediatric cardiology specifically. Emerging applications of CBL, including simulation, virtual reality, and international collaborative case conferences, were also reviewed. Key design principles for effective CBL were explored, including case selection, alignment with competency-based curricula, faculty development, and assessment strategies. Results: Evidence suggests that CBL enhances clinical reasoning, kn