Publications of recent years testify to perennial interest to problem of philosophy and psychiatry. “An affinity” of considered dichotomy concerns absence of “real” tool of diagnostic in psychiatry and in cognition of universal regularities in philosophy. Both in philosophers and in psychiatrists there are no special devices of cognition of the individual. This is only an imprinted virtual knowledge in difference from other diseases, where problem of computer primacy in diagnostic occurred. Here example with cognition of consciousness in psychiatry and philosophy may be introduced; the latter gives comprehensive definitions of this concept. In psychiatric practice, there is no tool, which could recognize delirium or amentia. This is only clinical experience of the doctor - the only “tool” of cognition - originally reflecting social-biological duality of nature of the individual. Summarizing medical experience is a particular method of scientific cognition. Theory of diagnosis considers diagnostic process as gnoseological - philosophical - in its essence. Diagnosis represents by itself complex cognitive process, which essence, as well as every cognitive process, consists in reflecti
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