AbstractObjectivesThis article reviews recent data on the biology, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of the different entity of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC).Study designThe present article reviews the English language literature for screening, epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, natural history, preclinical and clinical trials, and promising molecular targets on EOC, particularly for clear cell EOC (cEOC) based on the gene expression profiling studies.ResultsProspective ovarian cancer screening trials in Japan showed that (1) serous‐type EOC (sEOC) may exhibit a rapid progression possibly through de novo carcinogenesis, (2) the EOC risk was elevated significantly among patients with ovarian endometrioma (SIR = 8.95), (3) advancing age (>40 years) and the diameter of endometriomas (>9 cm) were independent predictors of development of EOC, (4) the benign‐appearing ovarian masses are present several years before the EOC diagnosis in patients with endometriosis‐associated EOC, and (5) the slightly elevated CA125 level is also typically present many years (>3 years) before the diagnosis in these patients. Upregulation of HNF‐1beta and PLK‐Emi1 genes were specifically detected i
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