From evidence to implementation: The global challenge for psychosocial oncology

AbstractThe human dimensions of medical care were highlighted by such pioneering figures as Cicely Saunders, Elizabeth Kubler‐Ross, and Jimmie Holland and their tireless advocacy helped to build an evidence base for psychosocial and palliative interventions. In that spirit, we studied physical and psychological distress in advanced cancer and modeled pathways to distress in this population. We considered acute stress disorder as the prototype for psychological disturbances following the acute onset of life‐threatening disorders, showing that it occurred in one‐third of patients after the diagnosis of acute leukemia. To treat and prevent these symptoms, we developed Emotion and Symptom‐focused Engagement (EASE), an integrated psychotherapeutic and early palliative intervention. We showed that EASE reduced both traumatic stress and physical suffering in these patients and a large multi‐center trial is now underway. We also identified symptoms of depression and hopelessness n one quarter of patients with metastatic and advanced cancer, with worsening toward the end of life. To alleviate this distress, we developed a brief supportive‐expressive therapy, referred to as Managing Cancer a