AbstractThis paper proposes a new simulation model of lead‐acid battery characteristics and a modeling method using step changing current. Battery simulation model is necessary to simulate the photovoltaic systems with batteries. The proposed model considers the nonlinearity of internal resistance and includes 36 constants that can be determined by only four cycles of charge–discharge tests. This paper offers a detailed description of the measurement method and modeling procedures of the battery characteristics. Results of verification tests using charge–discharge patterns of a hypothetical photovoltaic system show 1.0% of mean absolute error ratio of the simulated power at a battery temperature of $17 \ ^{\circ}\hbox{C}$. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 172(3): 18–27, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.20980
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