AbstractToxoplasma gondiiis a highly successful apicomplexan protozoan capable of infecting any warm‐blooded animal worldwide. In humans,Toxoplasmainfections are life‐long, with approximately one‐third of the world's population chronically infected. Although normally controlled by the host immune system,T. gondiiinfection can lead to a variety of clinical outcomes in individuals with immature or suppressed immune systems. After penetrating the intestine, parasites rapidly disseminate throughout the body and stimulate production of the cytokines interleukin (IL)‐12, IL‐18, and interferon (IFN)‐γ by immune cells. These cytokines play a key role in host resistance toT. gondiiby promoting a strong Th1 response. Recent reports show that gut commensal bacteria can act as molecular adjuvants duringT. gondiiinfection. Thus,T. gondiiis an excellent model system to study host‐pathogen interactions. This unit outlines the protocols for in vitro and in vivo maintenance and growth ofT. gondii. © 2017 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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